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Purpose: Wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has become a very important hygiene measure to block or prevent respiratory droplets and infections. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of wearing face masks on the acoustical measurement of voice and speech in patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders, and to present guidelines for wearing a mask when evaluating voice and speech.Methods: A total of 20 patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders who diagnosed with vocal nodules, muscle tension dysphonia, and adductor spasmodic dysphonia (14 females, 6 males, age=30.55±8.24) and age-and gender-matched 20 healthy adults (15 females, 5 males, age=27.31±7.52) were enrolled. All participants completed three speech tasks (sustained /a/vowel, CAPEV-3 all voiced sentence, and the ‘Kaeul’ standard passage- 2nd sentence) with their habitual pitch and loudness among the different mask conditions (No mask, surgical, and KF94). Acoustic analysis including perturbation and cepstral & spectral parameters was conducted with MDVP and ADSV.Results: For the healthy speakers, there were significantly lower in jitter (%), shimmer (%), and noise-to-harmonic (NHR) in no mask condition than in mask conditions, while there was no significantly different in perturbation measures (F0, jitter (%), shimmer (%), and NHR for patients. Vocal intensity was significantly reduced in mask-wearing conditions either surgical or KF94 mask with all speech tasks except sustained /a/ vowel phonation for patients. Cepstral peak prominence (CPP) was not significantly different among the different mask conditions in sustained /a/ vowel phonation and 3rd CAPEV sentence (all voiced sentence) in all groups. Both healthy speakers and patients showed significantly lower L/H ratio values in the no mask condition.Conclusions: Overall, in current study, wearing a mask or the type of face mask did not change time-based and cepstral acoustic parameters, while a spectral measure such as L/H ratio was significantly increased in mask-wearing conditions in patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders. These findings suggest that wearing either surgical or KF 94 masks could be a safe and relevant choice for acoustic perturbation and cepstral measures with /a/ vowel in hyperfunctional dysphonia.

Purpose: This study investigated the development of early metaphor comprehension based on gender and age in preschool children and measured its correlation with vocabulary acquisition.Methods: A total of forty-nine Korean preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years old (17 boys, 32 girls) with normal receptive and expressive vocabulary development were included in this study. Children were divided into three groups depending on age, their mean ages being 4;8, 5;4, 6;3, respectively. Metaphor reasoning comprehension was measured using MRAC(Metaphor and Reasoning Comprehension Test), and children were asked to listen to a sentence and point to one of the three pictures.Results: There was no significant difference among the groups in the metaphor reasoning score by age and gender of preschool children (p>0.05). In addition, the Pearson correlation showed a positive relationship between metaphor and reasoning comprehension scores, as well as receptive vocabulary scores (r=0.302, p=0.035) and a positive relationship between metaphor and reasoning comprehension scores and expressive vocabulary scores (r=0.314, p=0.028). In addition, most errors occur in understanding the literal meaning rather than the implied meaning or metaphor of the sentence.Conclusion: In early young children, vocabulary plays an essential role in the metaphor interpretation process. However, to better understand the development of metaphor language comprehension in preschool children, exploring other factors affecting their ability to understand metaphor language and investigating their relationships is necessary.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) as a clinical evaluation tool for dysphagia with stroke patients and determine its clinical usefulness as a screening tool. Methods: A total of 50 patients with stroke (15 without dysphagia, and 35 with dysphagia, identified through a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) participated in this study. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity of the adapted Korean version of EAT-10(K-EAT-10) were evaluated. In addition, the K- EAT-10 scores were compared between two groups according to demographic characteristics, post-stroke conditions, and swallowing function. Moreover, K-EAT-10 scores were compared with the VFSS findings to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictions of aspiration. Results: The internal consistency of the K-EAT-10 questionnaire showed a Cronbach α coefficient of .091, and the correlation coefficient of the test- retest reliability was .988. In addition, when correlation analysis was performed between the total score of K-EAT-10 and the K-DHI, the correlation coefficient was .904. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of K-EAT-10, a cut-off point for the K-EAT-10 questionnaire was set at 10 points with a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 77.1%, and the area under the curve was shown to be 0.86. In addition, the positive predictive value (PPV) for the K-EAT-10 was 91%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 60%. Conclusion: Korean version of EAT-10 revealed excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity and positive predictive value for aspiration. The results suggest that the Korean adaptation of EAT-10 can be useful as a clinical screening test for dysphagia, especially predicting aspiration risk in patients with stroke.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the perspectives of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in South Korea about treating adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities.Methods: Survey results of 107 SLPs in South Korea were analyzed in the current study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis procedures.Results: Majority of the participants (92/107 participants) had treatment experience of adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities. However, such a treatment was mainly for middle- and high-school students with developmental disabilities. Furthermore the recognition of necessity of therapy, knowledge and confidence level were higher for middle- and high-school students than adults with developmental disabilities (p < 0.05). In addition, most participants acknowledged that the lack of financial support was a reason for adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities not to receive speech language treatment.Conclusion: The results of the current study emphasized that financial support would be needed to provide more appropriate speech language treatment for adults with developmental disabilities. In addition, there should be more re-education programs on developmental disabilities in order to help SLPs to provide more efficient treatment for adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities.

Objectives: Biofeedback therapy is a training technique that has a positive effect on the voice. In order to conduct resonant voice therapy or tube phonation more effectively, it is important for the patient to feel the vibration sensation in a specific part of the facial structures. Therefore, in this study, the clinical basis for facial vibration was presented by quantifying the vibration site and magnitude using vibration sensors during various semi-occluded vocal tract phonations.Methods: A total of 38 normal young adults without dysphonia participated in this study. Recording was performed a total of 6 times for each type of phonation, in the order of /a/ phonation, Kazoo, lip trill, humming, straw phonation, and tube phonation in water at the comfortable level using newly developed facial vibration sensor.Results: There was a significant difference in the magnitude of vibration according to body parts (cheek, nose, neck) during resonant voice or tube phonation; the largest amplitude presented in the nose during humming whereas lip trill, straw, kazoo, and tube phonation in water presented in the cheek. There were also significant differences in the magnitude of vibration among the voice therapy exercises or vocal training techniques (/a/ phonation, Kazoo, lip trill, humming, straw phonation, and tube phonation in water; with greater amplitude in dual sources such as lip trill and water resistance phonation than in single source phonations.Conclusion: The facial vibration sensor could provide clinical evidence for facial vibration sensation during semi-occluded vocal tract phonation. It can also provide biofeedback and monitor whether patients can perform semi-occluded vocal tract phonation properly.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of vocal fold vibration during sustained vowel /a/ phonation and various semi-occluded vocal tract exercise (SOVTEs) using a vibration simulator and digital kymography (DKG).Methods: A total of 12 normal young speakers (6 males, 6 females) aged 20-30 years participated in the study. They phonated a sustained /a/ vowel and performed SOVTE. The vocal fold vibration characteristics were measured according to the number of vibration sources (single vs. double), and vocal tract occlusion degree using a vibration simulator and DKG. Glottal gap quotient (GQ, %), speed quotient (SQ, %) and amplitude (pixel) were estimated quantitatively from the DKG image.Results: The results showed that significantly higher GQ (p = .000) and SQ (p = .000) were observed in the humming and bilabial fricative /β/ compared to open vowels. The amplitude was significantly higher in the open vowel /a/ than in humming (p = .018) and bilabial fricative /β/ (p = .003). Also, when comparing the vocal fold vibration parameters according to vibration type (single source: straw phonation vs. double source: straw phonation with water), the double source presented a significantly higher GQ (p = .000) as well as SQ (p = .008) in comparison with a single source.Conclusion: SOVTE showed a glottal gap that is different from the opened vowel /a/. It also had a longer opening of the vocal fold and a smaller amplitude than the vowel. This suggests that SOVTE may be helpful for facilitating vocal fold vibration and good voice quality in clinical practice. The current study can be meaningful in providing theoretical and clinical evidence for SOVTE.

Purpose: Aural rehabilitation has been used to reduce communication difficulties related to hearing loss and minimize their consequence in everyday life. Aural rehabilitation includes diagnosis and identification of hearing loss, provision of appropriate assistive listening devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, auditory training, speechreading, and communication strategies training. Communication strategies refer to a course of action taken to facilitate conversation interaction or to correct communication problems. Compared to other components of aural rehabilitation, communication strategies have not been focused on as a significant evaluation tool in spite of their importance in daily life. This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Communication Scale for Older Adults (K-CSOA) originally designed by Kaplan et al. (1997) to evaluate the changes in communication strategies and attitudes.Methods: The K-CSOA was composed of communication strategies and communication attitudes. The Communication strategies have three subcategories of Facilitative (10 items), Repair (15 items), and Preparatory strategies (16 items). The communication attitudes have also three subcategories of Own Attitude (19 items), Family’s Attitude (7 items), and Others Attitude (5 items). The validity and reliability of K-CSOA were obtained with total sixty subjects consisting of thirty subjects with normal hearing and thirty subjects with different degrees of hearing loss with mean age of 72 years old ranging from 60 years old to 85 years old.Results: The validity and reliability of the K-CSOA were measured using Pearson`s correlation coefficient, Cronbach Alpha coefficient, and independent t-tests. The correlation coefficients were high (.502-.984) between total means of K-CSOA and subcategories of K-CSOA. The internal consistency ranged from .802 to .930 for Communication Strategies and from .620 to .962 for Communication Attitudes. The test-retest correlation of the K-CSOA was .986 and .988 for Communication Strategies and Attitudes, respectively. The correlation coefficient was .784 between the K-CSOA and Korean Hearing Handicap for the Elderly (KHHIE). In addition, there were significant differences in Communication Strategies and Communication Attitudes between the normal hearing and hearing loss groups.Conclusion: These results indicate that K-CSOA can be used as a useful clinical tool providing in-depth information regarding communication strategies and attitudes in Korean elderly people.

Objectives: Recently, as the population of various students in school classrooms has increased, the need for intervention on various communication problems has been emphasized. This study aims to provide basic data for legislative proposals for speech and language services in schools by investigating teachers’ perceptions and demands for establishment of school-based service delevery in speech-language pathology (SLP) in Korea.Methods: Using a Google survey, teachers at kindergarten, elementary, middle and high schools were questioned regarding their perception and demand for school SLP, with a total of 141 teachers responding.Results: The types of communication problems for the students in charge were 37.3% for multicultural families, 33.3% for slow learners, and 27% for children with other communication problems. Among the difficulties in communication among students, social communication skills accounted for 40.6%, followed by literacy with 22.7%, articulation with 16.4%, and vocabulary with 9.4%. More than 80% of teachers answered that there were students who had difficulty participating in class. Among them, 73.9% had the most difficulty in understanding the contents of the class, 32.2% of teachers’ instructions, and 17.4% of class presentations. In addition, it was found that more than half of the teachers interfered with the class or felt a work burden due to students who had difficulty participating in the class. Therefore, for this reason, 96.5% of teachers thought that having experts to help students would reduce their work burden and help children.Conclusion: Our outcomes demonstrated that teachers recognized the need for professional support at school sites, and mandatory placement of school SLP could provide students and parents with programs that could help improve their academic achievement or social communication skills.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a water cup device for voice therapy as a biofeedback device for water resistance therapy (WRT), one of the semi-occluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTEs) using sensors. In addition, we explore the usefulness of the system for training in voice therapy by implementing water resistance phonation through newly developed devices.Methods: Using Arduino, the water resistance value was measured using a water level sensor, and a system was developed to visually implement the water resistance value and duration of exhalation and vocalization according to the change in water level caused by bubbles. Visual feedback was provided using LED sensors that represent colors according to the height of the water level. The WRT step was performed on six normal adults (male 3 and female 3) to implement changes in water level change amplification rate according to tube diameter and depth, and quantitatively analyzed.Results: The experiment showed that different LED colors were displayed depending on the resistance value of the water level. The LED’s brightness decreased as the width of the silicone tube diameter became larger in the bubble according to the tube diameter. Moreover, compared to 5 mm or 7 mm, a tube diameter of 10 mm showed the lowest amplification rate, regardless of with or without phonation. A depth of 2 cm, with the tube tip submerged in water, demonstrated the lowest amplification rate with or without phonation, compared to 4, 7, and 10 cm.Conclusions: The newly developed cup device for water resistance therapy was easy to give visual feedback according to changes in water level and helped to identify objectively by quantifying the performance of the target. This system may help clinicians and patients not only in clinical situations but also in practice at home during voice training.

Adults who stutter (AWS) may have difficulty in coordination of speech-related muscles movement. Therefore enhancement of coordiantion of speech-related muscles may result in a decrease in disfluency. The current study is a case report of two AWS with intellectual disabilities who received Nanta treatment, non-verbal music therapy technique focusing on coordination of muscles. Two AWS with intellectual disabilities received Nanta treatment for 15 sessions. The Nanta treatment is made up of two goals; body movement to rhythm and speech-related movement to rhythm. Disfluency frequencies for conversation samples were measured pre-treatment, every second treatment, and post-treatment. In addition, a communication test was conducted pre- and post-treatment. Both participants showed a decrease in disfluency frequencies. Moreover there were individualized differences in the changing pattern. However, the participants did not show a positive change in communication attitude. The Nanta treatment may have been effective in reducing disfluency frequencies for the participants of the current study, especially because the treatment was based on non-verbal techniques. These results emphasize that stuttering treatment should be individualized according to the client's characteristics.

Objectives: Covid-19 has increased the need for non-face-to-face treatment. In particular, professional voice users have a high risk of voice disease due to continuous voice use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Self-Voice Health Care Program (SVHCP) which was developed on the basis of Korean speech-language pathologist’s vocal behaviors, status and vocal fatigue.Methods: Fifteen speech-language pathologists (2 males and 13 females, the average age was 31.19 years) with voice problems who have more than 25 sessions per week participated via an experimental recruitment SMS and posting from the online speech-language pathologists internet community. Participants watched a 5-minute SVHCP video with instructions and carried out SVHCP daily for one week. The voice measures were carried out before and after SVHCP.Results: K-VHI-10 (p= .017), K-VFI-fatigue (p= .004), K-VFI-physical (p= .019), K-VFI-rest (p= .003), K-VFI-total (p= .005) and total subjective vocal symptoms (p= .009) were significantly lower than before. Additionally, among the subjective vocal symptoms, hypertension when speaking (p= .007), roughness when speaking (p= .007), pain when speaking (p= .034), difficulty with high pitch when singing (p= .017), feelings of voice fatigue (p= .017) were significantly lower than before.Conclusion: Our outcomes demonstrated that the SVHCP was effective in reducing vocal fatigue and subjective vocal symptoms. The SVHCP can help improve voice-related quality of life and voice health for professional voice users. Further research is needed in conjunction with the IT field for the utilization of the SVHCP.

Purpose: The GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale, a 4-point scale, has been most widely used for judging auditory-perceptual severity for dysphonia. However, in current clinical practice, sometimes a more fragmented 0.5 scheme is being used if the original GRBAS scale is ambiguous to assess. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the dysphonia severity using the three auditory-perceptual evaluation tools, 4-point, 7-point GRBAS scale, and CAPEV and provide the information regarding differentiation of perceptual severity and acoustic correlations.Methods: Voice samples for sustained vowel and connected speech were obtained from 101 dysphonic patients. Auditory-perceptual assessments of dysphonia severity were performed by two certified experienced speech-language pathologists specializing in voice disorders using the grade of a 4-point and a 7-point GRBAS, OS of CAPE-V and also were compared with cepstral measures [cepstrum peak prominence (CPP), low/high spectral ratio].Results: OS and G of inter-rater reliability of dysphonia using CAPE-V and 4-point GRBAS scales were good (ICC > 0.800) while G of 7-point GRBAS was less strong (ICC > 0.681) than OS of CAPE-V and G of 4-point GRBAS scale. The highest correlation with CPP was the OS of CAPE-V in both vowel and connected speech, while L/H ratio showed low correlation with dysphonia severity. The OS of CAPE-V in vowel and connected speech differed significantly in G of both GRBAS scales. On the 4-point GRBAS scale, CPP showed only the difference between G1-G2, G2-G3 groups in /a/ vowel, whereas in the connected speech, the difference between G0-G1, G1-G2, and G2-G3 groups was relatively differentiated. Meanwhile, on a 7-point GRBAS scale, CPP showed only differences between G1.5-G2 groups in sustained vowel, while CPP showed no differences between G0-G0.5, G0.5-G1, G1-G1.5, G2-G2.5, and G2.5-G3 groups respectively in connected speech.Conclusion: 7-point GRBAS scale showed a higher correlation with CPP measures than the original GRBAS, but reduced the discrimination of dysphonia severity compared to the 4-point GRBAS scale. Consequently, modified 7-point GRBAS scale could be useful as a clinically-perceptual evaluation tool, along with the original GRBAS scale and CAPE-V.

Purpose: Stuttering is a multi-dynamic disorder and there may be various factors related to development of stuttering. Temperamental characteristics of children who stutter (CWS) may be one of those factors but there are only a few Korean empirical studies on such characteristics of pre-school CWS. The primary purpose of the current study was to determine whether there would be differences in temperamental characteristics between pre-school CWS and children who do not stutter (CWNS). In addition the correlations between stuttering and temperament were determined.Methods: A total of 28 CWS and CWNS took part in the current study; 14 male CWS [mean age: 55.1 months, standard deviation (SD): 6.4] and 14 male CWNS (mean age: 54.1 months, SD: 4.8). The participants completed temperamental and psychological measures for children, such as Korean-Personality Rating Scale for Children, The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 3-6, Korean Preschool Daily Stress Scale, and KiddyCAT.Results: The results of the current study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in Persistence and KiddyCAT scores between CWS and CWNS. Even though there was no significant relationship between temperament and stuttering for CWS several significant relationships were observed among temperament measure scores.Conclusion: These results suggested that temperamental characteristics may contribute to the development of stuttering partly. Accordingly multi-dimensional features should be considered in the clinical management of stuttering.

Purpose: As old people age, their cognitive skills as well as naming ability decrease. In particular, dementia, along with memory, is a decline in other intellectual abilities that can interfere with everyday life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the naming ability, cognitive function, and quality of communication life in the Korean elderly and thier relationship.Methods: A total of 50 Korean elderly people (25 normal, 25 elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) ranged in age from 65 to 85 years old participated. The naming ability and quality of communication life were measured using short form of the Korean-Boston naming test (S-K-BNT) and the quality of communication life scale (QCL).Results: Significantly lower naming ability and poor QCL scores were observed in the elderly group with MCI. In addition, significantly strong correlation was revealed between K-MoCA score and QCL (r = 0.728). All cognitive function including executive function, visuospatial ability, memory, attention, language, and orientation demonstrated significant relationship with QCL. Among the cognitive function, in particular, visuospatial ability showed the highest correlation with QCL (r = 0.626). Moreover, significantly moderate positive correlation (r = 0.620) was revealed between naming score and QCL.Conclusion: In current study, cognitive function as well as naming ability can be important diagnostic indice for predicting and determining good quality of communication life in elderly people.

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 언어발달지연 아동의 한국판 수용 · 표현 어휘력 검사에서 컴퓨터 기반(태블릿 PC) 매체와 종이 기반 매체를 이용하여 매체의 변화가 아동의 언어 수행력에 차이를 보이는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 연구의 대상은 생활 연령이 만 3-7세의 언어발달지연 아동 27명을 대상으로 하였다. 언어발달지연 정도와 통합언어연령에 따라 각각 두...

In this study, a flight control design strategy based on incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) and smoothing algorithm is presented. The INDI is an enhanced version of the nonlinear dynamic inversion technique with a better robust performance. It reduces the aircraft model dependence via the feedback information of the state derivative, that is, angular acceleration for the aircraft attitude motion (or angular velocity related to the wind axis parameters). However, the state derivatives cannot always be obtained by direct measurement, thus they need to be estimated on-line. Moreover, taking into account that INDI requires one-step delay of state derivative and the fact that the inertial measurement unit (IMU) operates faster than the flight control computer (FCC), there will be additional information that can be used to improve the estimation. Therefore, a fixed-lag smoothing algorithm based on a discrete Kalman filter is proposed for angular velocity and angular acceleration estimation. The smoother utilizes the state variable from the sensor measurement and thus dealing with noise and delay.

Recent research revealed that doxorubicin (DOX) decreased expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this effect are not well established. Here, we demonstrate that doxorubicin down-regulates PD-L1 expression through induction of AU-rich element (ARE) binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) in cancer cells. PD-L1 mRNA contain three AREs within its 3'UTR. Doxorubicin induced expression of TTP, increased TTP binding to the 3rd ARE of the PD-L1 3'UTR, and increased decay of PD-L1 mRNA. Inhibition of TTP abrogates the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on PD-L1 expression. Our data suggest that TTP plays a key role in doxorubicin-mediated down-regulation of PD-L1 by enhancing degradation of PD-L1 mRNA in cancer cells.

The enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases 3 (PFKFB3) catalyzes the first committed rate-limiting step of glycolysis and is upregulated in cancer cells. The mechanism of PFKFB3 expression upregulation in cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. The PFKFB3 3'-UTR is reported to contain AU-rich elements (AREs) that are important for regulating PFKFB3 mRNA stability. However, the mechanisms by which PFKFB3 mRNA stability is determined by its 3'-UTR are not well known. We demonstrated that tristetraprolin (TTP), an ARE-binding protein, has a critical function regulating PFKFB3 mRNA stability. Our results showed that PFKFB3 mRNA contains three AREs in the 3'-UTR. TTP bound to the 3rd ARE and enhanced the decay of PFKFB3 mRNA. Overexpression of TTP decreased PFKFB3 expression and ATP levels but increased GSH level in cancer cells. Overexpression of PFKFB3 cDNA without the 3'-UTR rescued ATP level and GSH level in TTP-overexpressing cells. Our results suggested that TTP post-transcriptionally downregulated PFKFB3 expression and that overexpression of TTP may contribute to suppression of glycolysis and energy production of cancer cells in part by downregulating PFKFB3 expression.

The effects of Allium hookeri (AH) on the physicochemical properties and storage of pork sausage were examined. Sausages were prepared with different levels of AH (0.5 and 1%) and sodium nitrite (50, 100, and 150 ppm), and stored at 4℃ for four weeks. The addition of AH had little effect on the CIE color or texture value of the sausage. More than half of the added nitrite was removed during sausage preparation, and a further large reduction was observed during one week of storage. The TBARS content was observed to increase with storage, but lower increases were observed when more nitrite and AH were added. When stored for two or four weeks, the group with 100 ppm nitrite and 1% AH showed lower TBARS values than the group with only 150 ppm nitrite. The total microbial count after storage for four weeks was lower in sausage with 50 ppm nitrite and 1% AH than in sausage with only 100 ppm nitrite, and the sausage with 100 ppm nitrite and 1% AH exhibited the same microbial count as that with only 150 ppm nitrite. These results suggest that AH is a potential substitute for nitrite for use in sausage production by suppressing TBARS increases and inhibiting microbial growth during storage.

배경 및 목적: 삼킴기능은 나이가 듦에 따라 변화하므로, 삼킴의 어떠한 측면에서 노인들이 어려움을 겪는지를 구체적으로 확인하는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 일부 삼킴 특색은 뇌졸중, 운동장애질환, 치매 등과 같은 노인성 질환과 연관되므로 삼킴장애의 조기 탐지가 진단및 중재에 도움이 된다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 현재 개발 중에 있는 노년층 삼킴 평가 프로토콜의...

배경 및 목적: 후두미세수술은 성대의 접촉을 방해하는 병변의 제거를 통해 성대 접촉면을 부드럽게 만들어 음질을 향상시키고 음성기능을 회복시키는 데 효과적인 방법이다. 하지만 후두미세수술 이후에도 음성문제가 지속되는 경우가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 후두미세수술 이후에도 지속되는 음성문제의 개선을 위해 실시한 음성치료의 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 성대...

배경 및 목적: 현재까지 삼킴 관련 삶의 질에 대한 연구가 다수 진행되었지만, 동일 질환의 환자군을 대상으로 하거나 삼킴 관련 변인의 상대적 영향력을 살펴본 연구는 드물었다. 이에 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자군의 삼킴 관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 주요 변인을 분석하여 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 방법: 뇌졸중 환자 45명을 대상으로 삼킴장애지수(DHI)를...

배경 및 목적: 한국 언어재활사의 직업적 음성사용실태를 파악하고, 음성건강 증진 방안을 모색하기 위해 언어재활사의 음성피로도 검사와 음성과 관련된 삶의 질 검사의 점수를 비교하였다. 방법: 주당 20회기 이상 치료하는 언어재활사 137명(남 20명, 여 117명)에게 온라인이나 오프라인으로 음성과 관련된 설문과 K-VFI, K-VQOL을 실시하고 그 내용을...

배경 및 목적: 국내 대학에 언어재활전공이 처음 개설된 1988년을 기점으로 2018년 현재 총 50개의 대학(대학교, 전문대학, 대학원)에서 총 87개의 프로그램이 운영되고 있다. 이러한 양적 팽창이 이루어진 현 시점에서 각 프로그램들의 운영 현황을 살펴보고 미래를 준비하는 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전국 대학에 개설되어 있는...

배경 및 목적: 현재까지 국내 언어치료학과를 개설하고 있는 대학수는 총 50개교이고, 교육과정 프로그램은 총 87개까지 양적으로 증가하고 성장하였으나, 국내 전반에 걸친 임상교육, 훈련 및 환경에 대한 정확한 정보는 아직 제공되지 않은 실정이다. 이에, 본 연구는 전문적인 임상의 질적 기준을 마련하고자 국내 언어재활전공 프로그램을 운영하는 전문대학, 4년제...

배경 및 목적: 언어재활사는 음성사용의 요구가 많은 직업으로서 음성문제는 임상 수행에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 언어재활사들의 음성문제와 음성관리 행태에 대해 조사하기 위하여 음성오남용과 음성위생 실천, 음성과 관련된 경험을 알아보고, 주관적인 만성적 음성문제 유무에 따른 음성오남용, 음성장애지수, 음성증상을 비교하였다 방법:...